Differences between functional movement screen and somatotype to young handball and volleyball players

Marko Joksimovic; Kosta Goranovic; Aleksandar Kukric; Elvira Niksic; Lana Grgic; Nemanja Zlojutro

doi:10.24310/JPEHMjpehmjpehm.v5i115986

Autores/as

Marko Joksimovic University of Montenegro
Kosta Goranovic
Aleksandar Kukric Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Elvira Niksic Faculty of Education Science, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Lana Grgic Olympic Committee of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Nemanja Zlojutro Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/JPEHMjpehmjpehm.v5i115986

Palabras clave:

Edad biológica, Identificación de talentos, Movilidad funcional, Manguito rotador

Resumen

Introducción. El balonmano y el voleibol se encuentran entre los deportes populares del mundo, que se juegan prácticamente en todos los países en diferentes niveles de competencia. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las diferencias en el somatotipo y las características morfológicas entre los jóvenes jugadores de balonmano y voleibol, así como las diferencias en los resultados de las pruebas de movilidad corporal funcional entre los grupos evaluados. Material y métodos. La investigación contó con una muestra de 23 mujeres atletas que fueron divididas en dos submuestras, de la siguiente manera. Un total de 12 atletas eran del equipo de Balonmano y un total de 11 atletas eran del equipo de Voleibol. Se realizaron las siguientes medidas antropométricas: altura y masa corporal, cuatro pliegues cutáneos (tríceps, subescapular, supraespinal y pantorrilla), anchos (diámetros de húmero y fémur) y perímetros (brazo y pantorrilla). El peso corporal (kg) y la grasa corporal (%) de los sujetos se midieron mediante el método de impedancia bioeléctrica (TANITA 545N) con una precisión de 0,1 kg. La puntuación de movimiento funcional es un sistema de escaneo que incluye siete pasos (es decir, sentadilla profunda, paso de obstáculos, estocada en línea, movilidad del hombro, elevación activa de la pierna, flexión de estabilidad del tronco y estabilidad rotatoria). Resultados. Los resultados del estudio en jugadoras de balonmano registraron un mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal e índice de masa corporal en comparación con las jugadoras de voleibol (p < 0,05), mientras que no se registró diferencia estadísticamente significativa en peso corporal y talla. Analizando el somatotipo de los jugadores, se destaca que los jugadores de balonmano tienen valores más altos de endomorfismo y mesomorfismo, mientras que los jugadores de voleibol tienen valores más altos de ectomorfismo. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en mesomorfo y ectomorfo (p <.001). En el test Functional Movement Screen, se notó que se registraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las dos variables (Movilidad de hombros y estabilidad del tronco) a favor de las jugadoras de voleibol, así como en la clasificación general, mientras que en las demás variables no se registró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones. La determinación del somatotipo debe ocupar la atención de los entrenadores que trabajan con atletas jóvenes. La evaluación basada en el movimiento sirve para identificar los déficits funcionales (o biomarcadores) relacionados con las debilidades propioceptivas, de movilidad y de estabilidad.

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